The Water Purifier: a Powerful Weapon Against Water Pollution
(A) The working principle of water purifier
Water purifier mainly through physical filtration, chemical adsorption, ion exchange and other technical means to remove impurities and pollutants in the water. Physical filtration generally through different pore size filter element, such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis cartridge, the suspended particles in the water, sand, rust and other large particles of material intercepted outside. Chemical adsorption, on the other hand, uses activated carbon and other materials with adsorption properties to remove odors, residual chlorine, organic pollutants, etc. from the water. Ion exchange resin can effectively remove heavy metal ions in the water, such as through the exchange of sodium ions with calcium and magnesium ions in the water to achieve the purpose of water softening, but also other heavy metal ions adsorption.
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(ii) Characteristics of different types of water purifiers
- Microfiltration water purifier
- The pore size of the filter element of microfiltration water purifier is generally between 0.1 – 10 microns, which can effectively remove sediment, rust, suspended solids and other large particles of impurities in the water. Its advantages are lower cost, larger flow rate, suitable for water quality requirements are not particularly high areas, such as some rural areas of the simple water supply system, can initially improve the turbidity of the water.
- Ultra-filtration water purifier
- Ultra-filtration water purifier cartridge pore size between 0.001 – 0.1 micron, able to filter out bacteria, viruses, colloids and other small particles. While retaining the beneficial minerals in the water, the ultrafiltration technology effectively removes most of the microbial contamination, and is widely used in the preliminary purification of household drinking water to provide users with relatively safe drinking water.
- Nanofiltration Water Purifier
- The filtration precision of nanofiltration water purifier is between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, with a pore size of about 1 nanometer. It can remove divalent and above ions, some monovalent ions in water, and has a high retention rate of organic matter. Nanofiltration water purifier in the removal of harmful substances at the same time, can retain a certain amount of minerals beneficial to the human body, is a more ideal family drinking water treatment equipment.
- Reverse osmosis water purifier
- The core of reverse osmosis water purifier is reverse osmosis membrane, which has a very small pore size, generally below 0.0001 micron. Under pressure, only water molecules can pass through the reverse osmosis membrane, while almost all impurities, ions, bacteria, viruses, etc. are retained. Reverse osmosis water purifier can produce almost pure water, but its disadvantage is that it will produce a certain amount of wastewater, and the operating cost is relatively high, commonly used in the water quality requirements of the occasion, such as medical, electronic industry and other fields, in the family also has a wide range of applications, especially in the poor water quality areas.